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Nature: Science Update
Antibiotic maker mapped
"Medicine's favourite bacterium has disclosed its DNA sequence. Researchers hope that the newly completed genome of Streptomyces coelicolor will lead the way to more effective antibiotics.
The bacterium and its relatives produce most of the natural antibiotics in current use, including tetracycline and erythromycin. They also generate compounds that are used to treat cancer and suppress the immune system."
"Professor Sir David Hopwood, of the John Innes Centre, in Norwich, UK, who led the £2m research project, said: "We knew four antibiotics were made by this strain, but we found 17 or 18 other clusters which make other active compounds that are possibly only produced under very special soil conditions.
"This organism has twice as many genes as typical free-living bacteria. You could say it's a boy scout - it's prepared. You've got the core of the chromosome, and then there are arms which are not essential but do useful things, like making antibiotics.""
"Streptomyces coelicolor A3(2) is the model representative of a group of soil-dwelling organism with a complex lifecycle involving mycelial growth and spore formation. These microbes are notable for their production of pharmaceutically useful compound including anti-tumour agents, immunosupressants and over two-thirds of all natural antibiotics currently available. The sequence was generated using a clone-by-clone approach, initially using cosmids generated and mapped by David Hopwood's group at the John Innes Centre, and latterly using a BAC library to fill gaps and confirm the map."
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“Bioinformatics will be at the core of biology in the 21st century. In fields ranging from structural biology to genomics to biomedical imaging, ready access to data and analytical tools are fundamentally changing the way investigators in the life sciences conduct research and approach problems. Complex, computationally intensive biological problems are now being addressed and promise to significantly advance our understanding of biology and medicine. No biological discipline will be unaffected by these technological breakthroughs.”
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